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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>Query String | Node.js v10.19.0 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/sh.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="querystring.html"> </head> <body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-querystring"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="column2" class="interior"> <div id="intro" class="interior"> <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page"> Node.js </a> </div> <ul> <li><a class="nav-documentation" href="documentation.html">About these Docs</a></li> <li><a class="nav-synopsis" href="synopsis.html">Usage & Example</a></li> </ul> <div class="line"></div> <ul> <li><a class="nav-assert" href="assert.html">Assertion Testing</a></li> <li><a class="nav-async_hooks" href="async_hooks.html">Async Hooks</a></li> <li><a class="nav-buffer" href="buffer.html">Buffer</a></li> <li><a class="nav-addons" 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data-id="querystring" class="interior"> <header> <h1>Node.js v10.19.0 Documentation</h1> <div id="gtoc"> <ul> <li> <a href="index.html" name="toc">Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="querystring.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="version-picker"> <a href="#">View another version <span>▼</span></a> <ol class="version-picker"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/querystring.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/querystring.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/querystring.html">10.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/querystring.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/querystring.html">8.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/querystring.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/querystring.html">6.x</a></li> 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<div id="toc"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> <li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#querystring_query_string">Query String</a></span><ul> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_decode">querystring.decode()</a></li> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_encode">querystring.encode()</a></li> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_escape_str">querystring.escape(str)</a></li> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options">querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</a></li> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options">querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])</a></li> <li><a href="#querystring_querystring_unescape_str">querystring.unescape(str)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="apicontent"> <h1>Query String<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_query_string" id="querystring_query_string">#</a></span></h1> <!--introduced_in=v0.10.0--> <div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#documentation_stability_index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><!--name=querystring--> <p>The <code>querystring</code> module provides utilities for parsing and formatting URL query strings. It can be accessed using:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const querystring = require('querystring');</code></pre> <h2>querystring.decode()<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_decode" id="querystring_querystring_decode">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> </div><p>The <code>querystring.decode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.parse()</code>.</p> <h2>querystring.encode()<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_encode" id="querystring_querystring_encode">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> </div><p>The <code>querystring.encode()</code> function is an alias for <code>querystring.stringify()</code>.</p> <h2>querystring.escape(str)<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_escape_str" id="querystring_querystring_escape_str">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div><ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method performs URL percent-encoding on the given <code>str</code> in a manner that is optimized for the specific requirements of URL query strings.</p> <p>The <code>querystring.escape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.stringify()</code> and is generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow application code to provide a replacement percent-encoding implementation if necessary by assigning <code>querystring.escape</code> to an alternative function.</p> <h2>querystring.parse(str[, sep[, eq[, options]]])<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options" id="querystring_querystring_parse_str_sep_eq_options">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v8.0.0</td> <td><p>Multiple empty entries are now parsed correctly (e.g. <code>&=&=</code>).</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0</td> <td><p>The returned object no longer inherits from <code>Object.prototype</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v6.0.0, v4.2.4</td> <td><p>The <code>eq</code> parameter may now have a length of more than <code>1</code>.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.25</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.25</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The URL query string to parse</li> <li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> <li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> <li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a><ul> <li><code>decodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when decoding percent-encoded characters in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>querystring.unescape()</code>.</li> <li><code>maxKeys</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> Specifies the maximum number of keys to parse. Specify <code>0</code> to remove key counting limitations. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>1000</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.parse()</code> method parses a URL query string (<code>str</code>) into a collection of key and value pairs.</p> <p>For example, the query string <code>'foo=bar&abc=xyz&abc=123'</code> is parsed into:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ foo: 'bar', abc: ['xyz', '123'] }</code></pre> <p>The object returned by the <code>querystring.parse()</code> method <em>does not</em> prototypically inherit from the JavaScript <code>Object</code>. This means that typical <code>Object</code> methods such as <code>obj.toString()</code>, <code>obj.hasOwnProperty()</code>, and others are not defined and <em>will not work</em>.</p> <p>By default, percent-encoded characters within the query string will be assumed to use UTF-8 encoding. If an alternative character encoding is used, then an alternative <code>decodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Assuming gbkDecodeURIComponent function already exists... querystring.parse('w=%D6%D0%CE%C4&foo=bar', null, null, { decodeURIComponent: gbkDecodeURIComponent });</code></pre> <h2>querystring.stringify(obj[, sep[, eq[, options]]])<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options" id="querystring_querystring_stringify_obj_sep_eq_options">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div><ul> <li><code>obj</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> The object to serialize into a URL query string</li> <li><code>sep</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The substring used to delimit key and value pairs in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'&'</code>.</li> <li><code>eq</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a>. The substring used to delimit keys and values in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'='</code>.</li> <li><code>options</code><ul> <li><code>encodeURIComponent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> The function to use when converting URL-unsafe characters to percent-encoding in the query string. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>querystring.escape()</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.stringify()</code> method produces a URL query string from a given <code>obj</code> by iterating through the object's "own properties".</p> <p>It serializes the following types of values passed in <code>obj</code>: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number[]></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean[]></a> Any other input values will be coerced to empty strings.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar', baz: ['qux', 'quux'], corge: '' }); // returns 'foo=bar&baz=qux&baz=quux&corge=' querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar', baz: 'qux' }, ';', ':'); // returns 'foo:bar;baz:qux'</code></pre> <p>By default, characters requiring percent-encoding within the query string will be encoded as UTF-8. If an alternative encoding is required, then an alternative <code>encodeURIComponent</code> option will need to be specified:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Assuming gbkEncodeURIComponent function already exists, querystring.stringify({ w: '中文', foo: 'bar' }, null, null, { encodeURIComponent: gbkEncodeURIComponent });</code></pre> <h2>querystring.unescape(str)<span><a class="mark" href="#querystring_querystring_unescape_str" id="querystring_querystring_unescape_str">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.25</span> </div><ul> <li><code>str</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method performs decoding of URL percent-encoded characters on the given <code>str</code>.</p> <p>The <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method is used by <code>querystring.parse()</code> and is generally not expected to be used directly. It is exported primarily to allow application code to provide a replacement decoding implementation if necessary by assigning <code>querystring.unescape</code> to an alternative function.</p> <p>By default, the <code>querystring.unescape()</code> method will attempt to use the JavaScript built-in <code>decodeURIComponent()</code> method to decode. If that fails, a safer equivalent that does not throw on malformed URLs will be used.</p> </div> </div> </div> <script src="assets/sh_main.js"></script> <script src="assets/sh_javascript.min.js"></script> <script>highlight(undefined, undefined, 'pre');</script> </body> </html>
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