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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <title>Process | Node.js v10.19.0 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/sh.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="process.html"> </head> <body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-process"> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="column2" class="interior"> <div id="intro" class="interior"> <a href="/" title="Go back to the home page"> Node.js </a> </div> <ul> <li><a class="nav-documentation" href="documentation.html">About these Docs</a></li> <li><a class="nav-synopsis" href="synopsis.html">Usage & Example</a></li> </ul> <div class="line"></div> <ul> <li><a class="nav-assert" href="assert.html">Assertion Testing</a></li> <li><a class="nav-async_hooks" href="async_hooks.html">Async Hooks</a></li> <li><a class="nav-buffer" href="buffer.html">Buffer</a></li> <li><a class="nav-addons" href="addons.html">C++ Addons</a></li> <li><a class="nav-n-api" href="n-api.html">C/C++ Addons - N-API</a></li> <li><a class="nav-child_process" href="child_process.html">Child Processes</a></li> <li><a class="nav-cluster" href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li> <li><a class="nav-cli" href="cli.html">Command Line Options</a></li> <li><a class="nav-console" href="console.html">Console</a></li> <li><a class="nav-crypto" href="crypto.html">Crypto</a></li> <li><a class="nav-debugger" href="debugger.html">Debugger</a></li> <li><a class="nav-deprecations" href="deprecations.html">Deprecated APIs</a></li> <li><a class="nav-dns" href="dns.html">DNS</a></li> <li><a class="nav-domain" href="domain.html">Domain</a></li> <li><a class="nav-esm" href="esm.html">ECMAScript Modules</a></li> <li><a class="nav-errors" href="errors.html">Errors</a></li> <li><a class="nav-events" href="events.html">Events</a></li> <li><a class="nav-fs" href="fs.html">File System</a></li> <li><a class="nav-globals" href="globals.html">Globals</a></li> <li><a class="nav-http" href="http.html">HTTP</a></li> <li><a class="nav-http2" href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li> <li><a class="nav-https" href="https.html">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a class="nav-inspector" href="inspector.html">Inspector</a></li> <li><a class="nav-intl" href="intl.html">Internationalization</a></li> <li><a class="nav-modules" href="modules.html">Modules</a></li> <li><a class="nav-net" href="net.html">Net</a></li> <li><a class="nav-os" href="os.html">OS</a></li> <li><a class="nav-path" href="path.html">Path</a></li> <li><a class="nav-perf_hooks" href="perf_hooks.html">Performance Hooks</a></li> <li><a class="nav-process active" href="process.html">Process</a></li> <li><a class="nav-punycode" href="punycode.html">Punycode</a></li> <li><a class="nav-querystring" href="querystring.html">Query Strings</a></li> <li><a class="nav-readline" href="readline.html">Readline</a></li> <li><a class="nav-repl" href="repl.html">REPL</a></li> <li><a class="nav-stream" href="stream.html">Stream</a></li> <li><a class="nav-string_decoder" href="string_decoder.html">String Decoder</a></li> <li><a class="nav-timers" href="timers.html">Timers</a></li> <li><a class="nav-tls" href="tls.html">TLS/SSL</a></li> <li><a class="nav-tracing" href="tracing.html">Trace Events</a></li> <li><a class="nav-tty" href="tty.html">TTY</a></li> <li><a class="nav-dgram" href="dgram.html">UDP/Datagram</a></li> <li><a class="nav-url" href="url.html">URL</a></li> <li><a class="nav-util" href="util.html">Utilities</a></li> <li><a class="nav-v8" href="v8.html">V8</a></li> <li><a class="nav-vm" href="vm.html">VM</a></li> <li><a class="nav-worker_threads" href="worker_threads.html">Worker Threads</a></li> <li><a class="nav-zlib" href="zlib.html">Zlib</a></li> </ul> <div class="line"></div> <ul> <li><a class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node" href="https://github.com/nodejs/node">GitHub Repo & Issue Tracker</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="column1" data-id="process" class="interior"> <header> <h1>Node.js v10.19.0 Documentation</h1> <div id="gtoc"> <ul> <li> <a href="index.html" name="toc">Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="process.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="version-picker"> <a href="#">View another version <span>▼</span></a> <ol class="version-picker"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/process.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/process.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/process.html">10.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/process.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/process.html">8.x <b>LTS</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/process.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/process.html">6.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/process.html">5.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/process.html">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/process.html">0.12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/process.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol> </li> <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/master/doc/api/process.md"><span class="github_icon"><svg height="16" width="16" viewBox="0 0 16.1 16.1" fill="currentColor"><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 0 0-2.5 15.6c.4 0 .5-.2.5-.4v-1.5c-2 .4-2.5-.5-2.7-1 0-.1-.5-.9-.8-1-.3-.2-.7-.6 0-.6.6 0 1 .6 1.2.8.7 1.2 1.9 1 2.4.7 0-.5.2-.9.5-1-1.8-.3-3.7-1-3.7-4 0-.9.3-1.6.8-2.2 0-.2-.3-1 .1-2 0 0 .7-.3 2.2.7a7.4 7.4 0 0 1 4 0c1.5-1 2.2-.8 2.2-.8.5 1.1.2 2 .1 2.1.5.6.8 1.3.8 2.2 0 3-1.9 3.7-3.6 4 .3.2.5.7.5 1.4v2.2c0 .2.1.5.5.4A8 8 0 0 0 16 8a8 8 0 0 0-8-8z"/></svg></span>Edit on GitHub</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr> </header> <div id="toc"> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> <li><a href="#process_process">Process</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_process_events">Process Events</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_event_beforeexit">Event: 'beforeExit'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_disconnect">Event: 'disconnect'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_exit">Event: 'exit'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_message">Event: 'message'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_multipleresolves">Event: 'multipleResolves'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_rejectionhandled">Event: 'rejectionHandled'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_uncaughtexception">Event: 'uncaughtException'</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_warning_using_uncaughtexception_correctly">Warning: Using <code>'uncaughtException'</code> correctly</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#process_event_unhandledrejection">Event: 'unhandledRejection'</a></li> <li><a href="#process_event_warning">Event: 'warning'</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_emitting_custom_warnings">Emitting custom warnings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#process_signal_events">Signal Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#process_process_abort">process.abort()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_allowednodeenvironmentflags">process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_arch">process.arch</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_argv">process.argv</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_argv0">process.argv0</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_channel">process.channel</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_chdir_directory">process.chdir(directory)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_config">process.config</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_connected">process.connected</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_cpuusage_previousvalue">process.cpuUsage([previousValue])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_cwd">process.cwd()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_debugport">process.debugPort</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_disconnect">process.disconnect()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_dlopen_module_filename_flags">process.dlopen(module, filename[, flags])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_options">process.emitWarning(warning[, options])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor">process.emitWarning(warning[, type[, code]][, ctor])</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_avoiding_duplicate_warnings">Avoiding duplicate warnings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#process_process_env">process.env</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_execargv">process.execArgv</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_execpath">process.execPath</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_exit_code">process.exit([code])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_exitcode">process.exitCode</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_getegid">process.getegid()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_geteuid">process.geteuid()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_getgid">process.getgid()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_getgroups">process.getgroups()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_getuid">process.getuid()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_hasuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback">process.hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_hrtime_time">process.hrtime([time])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_hrtime_bigint">process.hrtime.bigint()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_initgroups_user_extragroup">process.initgroups(user, extraGroup)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_kill_pid_signal">process.kill(pid[, signal])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_mainmodule">process.mainModule</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_memoryusage">process.memoryUsage()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_nexttick_callback_args">process.nextTick(callback[, ...args])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_nodeprecation">process.noDeprecation</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_pid">process.pid</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_platform">process.platform</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_ppid">process.ppid</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_release">process.release</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback">process.send(message[, sendHandle[, options]][, callback])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_setegid_id">process.setegid(id)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_seteuid_id">process.seteuid(id)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_setgid_id">process.setgid(id)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_setgroups_groups">process.setgroups(groups)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_setuid_id">process.setuid(id)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_setuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback_fn">process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn)</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_stderr">process.stderr</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_stdin">process.stdin</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_stdout">process.stdout</a><ul> <li><a href="#process_a_note_on_process_i_o">A note on process I/O</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#process_process_throwdeprecation">process.throwDeprecation</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_title">process.title</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_tracedeprecation">process.traceDeprecation</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_umask_mask">process.umask([mask])</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_uptime">process.uptime()</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_version">process.version</a></li> <li><a href="#process_process_versions">process.versions</a></li> <li><a href="#process_exit_codes">Exit Codes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="apicontent"> <h1>Process<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process" id="process_process">#</a></span></h1> <!-- introduced_in=v0.10.0 --> <!-- type=global --> <p>The <code>process</code> object is a <code>global</code> that provides information about, and control over, the current Node.js process. As a global, it is always available to Node.js applications without using <code>require()</code>.</p> <h2>Process Events<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_events" id="process_process_events">#</a></span></h2> <p>The <code>process</code> object is an instance of <a href="events.html#events_class_eventemitter"><code>EventEmitter</code></a>.</p> <h3>Event: 'beforeExit'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_beforeexit" id="process_event_beforeexit">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.12</span> </div><p>The <code>'beforeExit'</code> event is emitted when Node.js empties its event loop and has no additional work to schedule. Normally, the Node.js process will exit when there is no work scheduled, but a listener registered on the <code>'beforeExit'</code> event can make asynchronous calls, and thereby cause the Node.js process to continue.</p> <p>The listener callback function is invoked with the value of <a href="#process_process_exitcode"><code>process.exitCode</code></a> passed as the only argument.</p> <p>The <code>'beforeExit'</code> event is <em>not</em> emitted for conditions causing explicit termination, such as calling <a href="#process_process_exit_code"><code>process.exit()</code></a> or uncaught exceptions.</p> <p>The <code>'beforeExit'</code> should <em>not</em> be used as an alternative to the <code>'exit'</code> event unless the intention is to schedule additional work.</p> <h3>Event: 'disconnect'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_disconnect" id="process_event_disconnect">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.7</span> </div><p>If the Node.js process is spawned with an IPC channel (see the <a href="child_process.html">Child Process</a> and <a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a> documentation), the <code>'disconnect'</code> event will be emitted when the IPC channel is closed.</p> <h3>Event: 'exit'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_exit" id="process_event_exit">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.7</span> </div><ul> <li><code>code</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>'exit'</code> event is emitted when the Node.js process is about to exit as a result of either:</p> <ul> <li>The <code>process.exit()</code> method being called explicitly;</li> <li>The Node.js event loop no longer having any additional work to perform.</li> </ul> <p>There is no way to prevent the exiting of the event loop at this point, and once all <code>'exit'</code> listeners have finished running the Node.js process will terminate.</p> <p>The listener callback function is invoked with the exit code specified either by the <a href="#process_process_exitcode"><code>process.exitCode</code></a> property, or the <code>exitCode</code> argument passed to the <a href="#process_process_exit_code"><code>process.exit()</code></a> method.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('exit', (code) => { console.log(`About to exit with code: ${code}`); });</code></pre> <p>Listener functions <strong>must</strong> only perform <strong>synchronous</strong> operations. The Node.js process will exit immediately after calling the <code>'exit'</code> event listeners causing any additional work still queued in the event loop to be abandoned. In the following example, for instance, the timeout will never occur:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('exit', (code) => { setTimeout(() => { console.log('This will not run'); }, 0); });</code></pre> <h3>Event: 'message'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_message" id="process_event_message">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.5.10</span> </div><ul> <li><code>message</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type"><null></a> a parsed JSON object or a serializable primitive value.</li> <li><code>sendHandle</code> <a href="net.html#net_class_net_server" class="type"><net.Server></a> | <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket" class="type"><net.Socket></a> a <a href="net.html#net_class_net_server"><code>net.Server</code></a> or <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a> object, or undefined.</li> </ul> <p>If the Node.js process is spawned with an IPC channel (see the <a href="child_process.html">Child Process</a> and <a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a> documentation), the <code>'message'</code> event is emitted whenever a message sent by a parent process using <a href="child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback"><code>childprocess.send()</code></a> is received by the child process.</p> <p>The message goes through serialization and parsing. The resulting message might not be the same as what is originally sent.</p> <h3>Event: 'multipleResolves'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_multipleresolves" id="process_event_multipleresolves">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v10.12.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>type</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The error type. One of <code>'resolve'</code> or <code>'reject'</code>.</li> <li><code>promise</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise" class="type"><Promise></a> The promise that resolved or rejected more than once.</li> <li><code>value</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> The value with which the promise was either resolved or rejected after the original resolve.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>'multipleResolves'</code> event is emitted whenever a <code>Promise</code> has been either:</p> <ul> <li>Resolved more than once.</li> <li>Rejected more than once.</li> <li>Rejected after resolve.</li> <li>Resolved after reject.</li> </ul> <p>This is useful for tracking errors in an application while using the promise constructor. Otherwise such mistakes are silently swallowed due to being in a dead zone.</p> <p>It is recommended to end the process on such errors, since the process could be in an undefined state. While using the promise constructor make sure that it is guaranteed to trigger the <code>resolve()</code> or <code>reject()</code> functions exactly once per call and never call both functions in the same call.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('multipleResolves', (type, promise, reason) => { console.error(type, promise, reason); setImmediate(() => process.exit(1)); }); async function main() { try { return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve('First call'); resolve('Swallowed resolve'); reject(new Error('Swallowed reject')); }); } catch { throw new Error('Failed'); } } main().then(console.log); // resolve: Promise { 'First call' } 'Swallowed resolve' // reject: Promise { 'First call' } Error: Swallowed reject // at Promise (*) // at new Promise (<anonymous>) // at main (*) // First call</code></pre> <h3>Event: 'rejectionHandled'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_rejectionhandled" id="process_event_rejectionhandled">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v1.4.1</span> </div><ul> <li><code>promise</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise" class="type"><Promise></a> The late handled promise.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>'rejectionHandled'</code> event is emitted whenever a <code>Promise</code> has been rejected and an error handler was attached to it (using <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/catch"><code>promise.catch()</code></a>, for example) later than one turn of the Node.js event loop.</p> <p>The <code>Promise</code> object would have previously been emitted in an <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event, but during the course of processing gained a rejection handler.</p> <p>There is no notion of a top level for a <code>Promise</code> chain at which rejections can always be handled. Being inherently asynchronous in nature, a <code>Promise</code> rejection can be handled at a future point in time — possibly much later than the event loop turn it takes for the <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event to be emitted.</p> <p>Another way of stating this is that, unlike in synchronous code where there is an ever-growing list of unhandled exceptions, with Promises there can be a growing-and-shrinking list of unhandled rejections.</p> <p>In synchronous code, the <code>'uncaughtException'</code> event is emitted when the list of unhandled exceptions grows.</p> <p>In asynchronous code, the <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event is emitted when the list of unhandled rejections grows, and the <code>'rejectionHandled'</code> event is emitted when the list of unhandled rejections shrinks.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const unhandledRejections = new Map(); process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason, promise) => { unhandledRejections.set(promise, reason); }); process.on('rejectionHandled', (promise) => { unhandledRejections.delete(promise); });</code></pre> <p>In this example, the <code>unhandledRejections</code> <code>Map</code> will grow and shrink over time, reflecting rejections that start unhandled and then become handled. It is possible to record such errors in an error log, either periodically (which is likely best for long-running application) or upon process exit (which is likely most convenient for scripts).</p> <h3>Event: 'uncaughtException'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_uncaughtexception" id="process_event_uncaughtexception">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v10.17.0</td> <td><p>Added the <code>origin</code> argument.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.18</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.18</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><code>err</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a> The uncaught exception.</li> <li><code>origin</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> Indicates if the exception originates from an unhandled rejection or from synchronous errors. Can either be <code>'uncaughtException'</code> or <code>'unhandledRejection'</code>.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>'uncaughtException'</code> event is emitted when an uncaught JavaScript exception bubbles all the way back to the event loop. By default, Node.js handles such exceptions by printing the stack trace to <code>stderr</code> and exiting with code 1, overriding any previously set <a href="#process_process_exitcode"><code>process.exitCode</code></a>. Adding a handler for the <code>'uncaughtException'</code> event overrides this default behavior. Alternatively, change the <a href="#process_process_exitcode"><code>process.exitCode</code></a> in the <code>'uncaughtException'</code> handler which will result in the process exiting with the provided exit code. Otherwise, in the presence of such handler the process will exit with 0.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('uncaughtException', (err, origin) => { fs.writeSync( process.stderr.fd, `Caught exception: ${err}\n` + `Exception origin: ${origin}` ); }); setTimeout(() => { console.log('This will still run.'); }, 500); // Intentionally cause an exception, but don't catch it. nonexistentFunc(); console.log('This will not run.');</code></pre> <h4>Warning: Using <code>'uncaughtException'</code> correctly<span><a class="mark" href="#process_warning_using_uncaughtexception_correctly" id="process_warning_using_uncaughtexception_correctly">#</a></span></h4> <p>Note that <code>'uncaughtException'</code> is a crude mechanism for exception handling intended to be used only as a last resort. The event <em>should not</em> be used as an equivalent to <code>On Error Resume Next</code>. Unhandled exceptions inherently mean that an application is in an undefined state. Attempting to resume application code without properly recovering from the exception can cause additional unforeseen and unpredictable issues.</p> <p>Exceptions thrown from within the event handler will not be caught. Instead the process will exit with a non-zero exit code and the stack trace will be printed. This is to avoid infinite recursion.</p> <p>Attempting to resume normally after an uncaught exception can be similar to pulling out of the power cord when upgrading a computer — nine out of ten times nothing happens - but the 10th time, the system becomes corrupted.</p> <p>The correct use of <code>'uncaughtException'</code> is to perform synchronous cleanup of allocated resources (e.g. file descriptors, handles, etc) before shutting down the process. <strong>It is not safe to resume normal operation after <code>'uncaughtException'</code>.</strong></p> <p>To restart a crashed application in a more reliable way, whether <code>'uncaughtException'</code> is emitted or not, an external monitor should be employed in a separate process to detect application failures and recover or restart as needed.</p> <h3>Event: 'unhandledRejection'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_unhandledrejection" id="process_event_unhandledrejection">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v7.0.0</td> <td><p>Not handling <code>Promise</code> rejections is deprecated.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v6.6.0</td> <td><p>Unhandled <code>Promise</code> rejections will now emit a process warning.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v1.4.1</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v1.4.1</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><code>reason</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> The object with which the promise was rejected (typically an <a href="errors.html#errors_class_error"><code>Error</code></a> object).</li> <li><code>promise</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise" class="type"><Promise></a> The rejected promise.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event is emitted whenever a <code>Promise</code> is rejected and no error handler is attached to the promise within a turn of the event loop. When programming with Promises, exceptions are encapsulated as "rejected promises". Rejections can be caught and handled using <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/catch"><code>promise.catch()</code></a> and are propagated through a <code>Promise</code> chain. The <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event is useful for detecting and keeping track of promises that were rejected whose rejections have not yet been handled.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason, promise) => { console.log('Unhandled Rejection at:', promise, 'reason:', reason); // Application specific logging, throwing an error, or other logic here }); somePromise.then((res) => { return reportToUser(JSON.pasre(res)); // note the typo (`pasre`) }); // no `.catch()` or `.then()`</code></pre> <p>The following will also trigger the <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event to be emitted:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">function SomeResource() { // Initially set the loaded status to a rejected promise this.loaded = Promise.reject(new Error('Resource not yet loaded!')); } const resource = new SomeResource(); // no .catch or .then on resource.loaded for at least a turn</code></pre> <p>In this example case, it is possible to track the rejection as a developer error as would typically be the case for other <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> events. To address such failures, a non-operational <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/catch"><code>.catch(() => { })</code></a> handler may be attached to <code>resource.loaded</code>, which would prevent the <code>'unhandledRejection'</code> event from being emitted.</p> <h3>Event: 'warning'<span><a class="mark" href="#process_event_warning" id="process_event_warning">#</a></span></h3> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v6.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>warning</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a> Key properties of the warning are:<ul> <li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The name of the warning. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'Warning'</code>.</li> <li><code>message</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A system-provided description of the warning.</li> <li><code>stack</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A stack trace to the location in the code where the warning was issued.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>'warning'</code> event is emitted whenever Node.js emits a process warning.</p> <p>A process warning is similar to an error in that it describes exceptional conditions that are being brought to the user's attention. However, warnings are not part of the normal Node.js and JavaScript error handling flow. Node.js can emit warnings whenever it detects bad coding practices that could lead to sub-optimal application performance, bugs, or security vulnerabilities.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('warning', (warning) => { console.warn(warning.name); // Print the warning name console.warn(warning.message); // Print the warning message console.warn(warning.stack); // Print the stack trace });</code></pre> <p>By default, Node.js will print process warnings to <code>stderr</code>. The <code>--no-warnings</code> command-line option can be used to suppress the default console output but the <code>'warning'</code> event will still be emitted by the <code>process</code> object.</p> <p>The following example illustrates the warning that is printed to <code>stderr</code> when too many listeners have been added to an event:</p> <pre><code class="language-txt">$ node > events.defaultMaxListeners = 1; > process.on('foo', () => {}); > process.on('foo', () => {}); > (node:38638) MaxListenersExceededWarning: Possible EventEmitter memory leak detected. 2 foo listeners added. Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit</code></pre> <p>In contrast, the following example turns off the default warning output and adds a custom handler to the <code>'warning'</code> event:</p> <pre><code class="language-txt">$ node --no-warnings > const p = process.on('warning', (warning) => console.warn('Do not do that!')); > events.defaultMaxListeners = 1; > process.on('foo', () => {}); > process.on('foo', () => {}); > Do not do that!</code></pre> <p>The <code>--trace-warnings</code> command-line option can be used to have the default console output for warnings include the full stack trace of the warning.</p> <p>Launching Node.js using the <code>--throw-deprecation</code> command line flag will cause custom deprecation warnings to be thrown as exceptions.</p> <p>Using the <code>--trace-deprecation</code> command line flag will cause the custom deprecation to be printed to <code>stderr</code> along with the stack trace.</p> <p>Using the <code>--no-deprecation</code> command line flag will suppress all reporting of the custom deprecation.</p> <p>The <code>*-deprecation</code> command line flags only affect warnings that use the name <code>'DeprecationWarning'</code>.</p> <h4>Emitting custom warnings<span><a class="mark" href="#process_emitting_custom_warnings" id="process_emitting_custom_warnings">#</a></span></h4> <p>See the <a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor"><code>process.emitWarning()</code></a> method for issuing custom or application-specific warnings.</p> <h3>Signal Events<span><a class="mark" href="#process_signal_events" id="process_signal_events">#</a></span></h3> <!--type=event--> <!--name=SIGINT, SIGHUP, etc.--> <p>Signal events will be emitted when the Node.js process receives a signal. Please refer to <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html"><code>signal(7)</code></a> for a listing of standard POSIX signal names such as <code>'SIGINT'</code>, <code>'SIGHUP'</code>, etc.</p> <p>The signal handler will receive the signal's name (<code>'SIGINT'</code>, <code>'SIGTERM'</code>, etc.) as the first argument.</p> <p>The name of each event will be the uppercase common name for the signal (e.g. <code>'SIGINT'</code> for <code>SIGINT</code> signals).</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Begin reading from stdin so the process does not exit. process.stdin.resume(); process.on('SIGINT', () => { console.log('Received SIGINT. Press Control-D to exit.'); }); // Using a single function to handle multiple signals function handle(signal) { console.log(`Received ${signal}`); } process.on('SIGINT', handle); process.on('SIGTERM', handle);</code></pre> <ul> <li><code>'SIGUSR1'</code> is reserved by Node.js to start the <a href="debugger.html">debugger</a>. It's possible to install a listener but doing so might interfere with the debugger.</li> <li><code>'SIGTERM'</code> and <code>'SIGINT'</code> have default handlers on non-Windows platforms that reset the terminal mode before exiting with code <code>128 + signal number</code>. If one of these signals has a listener installed, its default behavior will be removed (Node.js will no longer exit).</li> <li><code>'SIGPIPE'</code> is ignored by default. It can have a listener installed.</li> <li><code>'SIGHUP'</code> is generated on Windows when the console window is closed, and on other platforms under various similar conditions. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html"><code>signal(7)</code></a>. It can have a listener installed, however Node.js will be unconditionally terminated by Windows about 10 seconds later. On non-Windows platforms, the default behavior of <code>SIGHUP</code> is to terminate Node.js, but once a listener has been installed its default behavior will be removed.</li> <li><code>'SIGTERM'</code> is not supported on Windows, it can be listened on.</li> <li><code>'SIGINT'</code> from the terminal is supported on all platforms, and can usually be generated with <code><Ctrl>+C</code> (though this may be configurable). It is not generated when terminal raw mode is enabled.</li> <li><code>'SIGBREAK'</code> is delivered on Windows when <code><Ctrl>+<Break></code> is pressed, on non-Windows platforms it can be listened on, but there is no way to send or generate it.</li> <li><code>'SIGWINCH'</code> is delivered when the console has been resized. On Windows, this will only happen on write to the console when the cursor is being moved, or when a readable tty is used in raw mode.</li> <li><code>'SIGKILL'</code> cannot have a listener installed, it will unconditionally terminate Node.js on all platforms.</li> <li><code>'SIGSTOP'</code> cannot have a listener installed.</li> <li><code>'SIGBUS'</code>, <code>'SIGFPE'</code>, <code>'SIGSEGV'</code> and <code>'SIGILL'</code>, when not raised artificially using <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/kill.2.html"><code>kill(2)</code></a>, inherently leave the process in a state from which it is not safe to attempt to call JS listeners. Doing so might lead to the process hanging in an endless loop, since listeners attached using <code>process.on()</code> are called asynchronously and therefore unable to correct the underlying problem.</li> </ul> <p>Windows does not support sending signals, but Node.js offers some emulation with <a href="#process_process_kill_pid_signal"><code>process.kill()</code></a>, and <a href="child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal"><code>subprocess.kill()</code></a>. Sending signal <code>0</code> can be used to test for the existence of a process. Sending <code>SIGINT</code>, <code>SIGTERM</code>, and <code>SIGKILL</code> cause the unconditional termination of the target process.</p> <h2>process.abort()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_abort" id="process_process_abort">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.0</span> </div><p>The <code>process.abort()</code> method causes the Node.js process to exit immediately and generate a core file.</p> <p>This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_allowednodeenvironmentflags" id="process_process_allowednodeenvironmentflags">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v10.10.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set" class="type"><Set></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</code> property is a special, read-only <code>Set</code> of flags allowable within the <a href="cli.html#cli_node_options_options"><code>NODE_OPTIONS</code></a> environment variable.</p> <p><code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</code> extends <code>Set</code>, but overrides <code>Set.prototype.has</code> to recognize several different possible flag representations. <code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.has()</code> will return <code>true</code> in the following cases:</p> <ul> <li>Flags may omit leading single (<code>-</code>) or double (<code>--</code>) dashes; e.g., <code>inspect-brk</code> for <code>--inspect-brk</code>, or <code>r</code> for <code>-r</code>.</li> <li>Flags passed through to V8 (as listed in <code>--v8-options</code>) may replace one or more <em>non-leading</em> dashes for an underscore, or vice-versa; e.g., <code>--perf_basic_prof</code>, <code>--perf-basic-prof</code>, <code>--perf_basic-prof</code>, etc.</li> <li>Flags may contain one or more equals (<code>=</code>) characters; all characters after and including the first equals will be ignored; e.g., <code>--stack-trace-limit=100</code>.</li> <li>Flags <em>must</em> be allowable within <a href="cli.html#cli_node_options_options"><code>NODE_OPTIONS</code></a>.</li> </ul> <p>When iterating over <code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</code>, flags will appear only <em>once</em>; each will begin with one or more dashes. Flags passed through to V8 will contain underscores instead of non-leading dashes:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.forEach((flag) => { // -r // --inspect-brk // --abort_on_uncaught_exception // ... });</code></pre> <p>The methods <code>add()</code>, <code>clear()</code>, and <code>delete()</code> of <code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</code> do nothing, and will fail silently.</p> <p>If Node.js was compiled <em>without</em> <a href="cli.html#cli_node_options_options"><code>NODE_OPTIONS</code></a> support (shown in <a href="#process_process_config"><code>process.config</code></a>), <code>process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags</code> will contain what <em>would have</em> been allowable.</p> <h2>process.arch<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_arch" id="process_process_arch">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.5.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.arch</code> property returns a string identifying the operating system CPU architecture for which the Node.js binary was compiled.</p> <p>The current possible values are: <code>'arm'</code>, <code>'arm64'</code>, <code>'ia32'</code>, <code>'mips'</code>, <code>'mipsel'</code>, <code>'ppc'</code>, <code>'ppc64'</code>, <code>'s390'</code>, <code>'s390x'</code>, <code>'x32'</code>, and <code>'x64'</code>.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`This processor architecture is ${process.arch}`);</code></pre> <h2>process.argv<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_argv" id="process_process_argv">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.27</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.argv</code> property returns an array containing the command line arguments passed when the Node.js process was launched. The first element will be <a href="#process_process_execpath"><code>process.execPath</code></a>. See <code>process.argv0</code> if access to the original value of <code>argv[0]</code> is needed. The second element will be the path to the JavaScript file being executed. The remaining elements will be any additional command line arguments.</p> <p>For example, assuming the following script for <code>process-args.js</code>:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// print process.argv process.argv.forEach((val, index) => { console.log(`${index}: ${val}`); });</code></pre> <p>Launching the Node.js process as:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ node process-args.js one two=three four</code></pre> <p>Would generate the output:</p> <pre><code class="language-text">0: /usr/local/bin/node 1: /Users/mjr/work/node/process-args.js 2: one 3: two=three 4: four</code></pre> <h2>process.argv0<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_argv0" id="process_process_argv0">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v6.4.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.argv0</code> property stores a read-only copy of the original value of <code>argv[0]</code> passed when Node.js starts.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ bash -c 'exec -a customArgv0 ./node' > process.argv[0] '/Volumes/code/external/node/out/Release/node' > process.argv0 'customArgv0'</code></pre> <h2>process.channel<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_channel" id="process_process_channel">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v7.1.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>If the Node.js process was spawned with an IPC channel (see the <a href="child_process.html">Child Process</a> documentation), the <code>process.channel</code> property is a reference to the IPC channel. If no IPC channel exists, this property is <code>undefined</code>.</p> <h2>process.chdir(directory)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_chdir_directory" id="process_process_chdir_directory">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.17</span> </div><ul> <li><code>directory</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.chdir()</code> method changes the current working directory of the Node.js process or throws an exception if doing so fails (for instance, if the specified <code>directory</code> does not exist).</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`Starting directory: ${process.cwd()}`); try { process.chdir('/tmp'); console.log(`New directory: ${process.cwd()}`); } catch (err) { console.error(`chdir: ${err}`); }</code></pre> <p>This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.config<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_config" id="process_process_config">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.7</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.config</code> property returns an <code>Object</code> containing the JavaScript representation of the configure options used to compile the current Node.js executable. This is the same as the <code>config.gypi</code> file that was produced when running the <code>./configure</code> script.</p> <p>An example of the possible output looks like:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ target_defaults: { cflags: [], default_configuration: 'Release', defines: [], include_dirs: [], libraries: [] }, variables: { host_arch: 'x64', node_install_npm: 'true', node_prefix: '', node_shared_cares: 'false', node_shared_http_parser: 'false', node_shared_libuv: 'false', node_shared_zlib: 'false', node_use_dtrace: 'false', node_use_openssl: 'true', node_shared_openssl: 'false', strict_aliasing: 'true', target_arch: 'x64', v8_use_snapshot: 'true' } }</code></pre> <p>The <code>process.config</code> property is <strong>not</strong> read-only and there are existing modules in the ecosystem that are known to extend, modify, or entirely replace the value of <code>process.config</code>.</p> <h2>process.connected<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_connected" id="process_process_connected">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.2</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>If the Node.js process is spawned with an IPC channel (see the <a href="child_process.html">Child Process</a> and <a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a> documentation), the <code>process.connected</code> property will return <code>true</code> so long as the IPC channel is connected and will return <code>false</code> after <code>process.disconnect()</code> is called.</p> <p>Once <code>process.connected</code> is <code>false</code>, it is no longer possible to send messages over the IPC channel using <code>process.send()</code>.</p> <h2>process.cpuUsage([previousValue])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_cpuusage_previousvalue" id="process_process_cpuusage_previousvalue">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v6.1.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>previousValue</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a> A previous return value from calling <code>process.cpuUsage()</code></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a><ul> <li><code>user</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> <li><code>system</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.cpuUsage()</code> method returns the user and system CPU time usage of the current process, in an object with properties <code>user</code> and <code>system</code>, whose values are microsecond values (millionth of a second). These values measure time spent in user and system code respectively, and may end up being greater than actual elapsed time if multiple CPU cores are performing work for this process.</p> <p>The result of a previous call to <code>process.cpuUsage()</code> can be passed as the argument to the function, to get a diff reading.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const startUsage = process.cpuUsage(); // { user: 38579, system: 6986 } // spin the CPU for 500 milliseconds const now = Date.now(); while (Date.now() - now < 500); console.log(process.cpuUsage(startUsage)); // { user: 514883, system: 11226 }</code></pre> <h2>process.cwd()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_cwd" id="process_process_cwd">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.8</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.cwd()</code> method returns the current working directory of the Node.js process.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`Current directory: ${process.cwd()}`);</code></pre> <h2>process.debugPort<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_debugport" id="process_process_debugport">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.2</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li> </ul> <p>The port used by Node.js's debugger when enabled.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.debugPort = 5858;</code></pre> <h2>process.disconnect()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_disconnect" id="process_process_disconnect">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.2</span> </div><p>If the Node.js process is spawned with an IPC channel (see the <a href="child_process.html">Child Process</a> and <a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a> documentation), the <code>process.disconnect()</code> method will close the IPC channel to the parent process, allowing the child process to exit gracefully once there are no other connections keeping it alive.</p> <p>The effect of calling <code>process.disconnect()</code> is that same as calling the parent process's <a href="child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_disconnect"><code>ChildProcess.disconnect()</code></a>.</p> <p>If the Node.js process was not spawned with an IPC channel, <code>process.disconnect()</code> will be <code>undefined</code>.</p> <h2>process.dlopen(module, filename[, flags])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_dlopen_module_filename_flags" id="process_process_dlopen_module_filename_flags">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v9.0.0</td> <td><p>Added support for the <code>flags</code> argument.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.16</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.16</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><code>module</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> <li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> <li><code>flags</code> <a href="os.html#os_dlopen_constants" class="type"><os.constants.dlopen></a> <strong>Default:</strong> <code>os.constants.dlopen.RTLD_LAZY</code></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.dlopen()</code> method allows to dynamically load shared objects. It is primarily used by <code>require()</code> to load C++ Addons, and should not be used directly, except in special cases. In other words, <a href="globals.html#globals_require"><code>require()</code></a> should be preferred over <code>process.dlopen()</code>, unless there are specific reasons.</p> <p>The <code>flags</code> argument is an integer that allows to specify dlopen behavior. See the <a href="os.html#os_dlopen_constants"><code>os.constants.dlopen</code></a> documentation for details.</p> <p>If there are specific reasons to use <code>process.dlopen()</code> (for instance, to specify dlopen flags), it's often useful to use <a href="modules.html#modules_require_resolve_request_options"><code>require.resolve()</code></a> to look up the module's path.</p> <p>An important drawback when calling <code>process.dlopen()</code> is that the <code>module</code> instance must be passed. Functions exported by the C++ Addon will be accessible via <code>module.exports</code>.</p> <p>The example below shows how to load a C++ Addon, named as <code>binding</code>, that exports a <code>foo</code> function. All the symbols will be loaded before the call returns, by passing the <code>RTLD_NOW</code> constant. In this example the constant is assumed to be available.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const os = require('os'); process.dlopen(module, require.resolve('binding'), os.constants.dlopen.RTLD_NOW); module.exports.foo();</code></pre> <h2>process.emitWarning(warning[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_options" id="process_process_emitwarning_warning_options">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v8.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>warning</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a> The warning to emit.</li> <li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a><ul> <li><code>type</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> When <code>warning</code> is a <code>String</code>, <code>type</code> is the name to use for the <em>type</em> of warning being emitted. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'Warning'</code>.</li> <li><code>code</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A unique identifier for the warning instance being emitted.</li> <li><code>ctor</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> When <code>warning</code> is a <code>String</code>, <code>ctor</code> is an optional function used to limit the generated stack trace. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>process.emitWarning</code>.</li> <li><code>detail</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> Additional text to include with the error.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.emitWarning()</code> method can be used to emit custom or application specific process warnings. These can be listened for by adding a handler to the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code></a> event.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Emit a warning with a code and additional detail. process.emitWarning('Something happened!', { code: 'MY_WARNING', detail: 'This is some additional information' }); // Emits: // (node:56338) [MY_WARNING] Warning: Something happened! // This is some additional information</code></pre> <p>In this example, an <code>Error</code> object is generated internally by <code>process.emitWarning()</code> and passed through to the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code></a> handler.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('warning', (warning) => { console.warn(warning.name); // 'Warning' console.warn(warning.message); // 'Something happened!' console.warn(warning.code); // 'MY_WARNING' console.warn(warning.stack); // Stack trace console.warn(warning.detail); // 'This is some additional information' });</code></pre> <p>If <code>warning</code> is passed as an <code>Error</code> object, the <code>options</code> argument is ignored.</p> <h2>process.emitWarning(warning[, type[, code]][, ctor])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor" id="process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v6.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>warning</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type"><Error></a> The warning to emit.</li> <li><code>type</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> When <code>warning</code> is a <code>String</code>, <code>type</code> is the name to use for the <em>type</em> of warning being emitted. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'Warning'</code>.</li> <li><code>code</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A unique identifier for the warning instance being emitted.</li> <li><code>ctor</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> When <code>warning</code> is a <code>String</code>, <code>ctor</code> is an optional function used to limit the generated stack trace. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>process.emitWarning</code>.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.emitWarning()</code> method can be used to emit custom or application specific process warnings. These can be listened for by adding a handler to the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code></a> event.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Emit a warning using a string. process.emitWarning('Something happened!'); // Emits: (node: 56338) Warning: Something happened!</code></pre> <pre><code class="language-js">// Emit a warning using a string and a type. process.emitWarning('Something Happened!', 'CustomWarning'); // Emits: (node:56338) CustomWarning: Something Happened!</code></pre> <pre><code class="language-js">process.emitWarning('Something happened!', 'CustomWarning', 'WARN001'); // Emits: (node:56338) [WARN001] CustomWarning: Something happened!</code></pre> <p>In each of the previous examples, an <code>Error</code> object is generated internally by <code>process.emitWarning()</code> and passed through to the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code></a> handler.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('warning', (warning) => { console.warn(warning.name); console.warn(warning.message); console.warn(warning.code); console.warn(warning.stack); });</code></pre> <p>If <code>warning</code> is passed as an <code>Error</code> object, it will be passed through to the <code>'warning'</code> event handler unmodified (and the optional <code>type</code>, <code>code</code> and <code>ctor</code> arguments will be ignored):</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// Emit a warning using an Error object. const myWarning = new Error('Something happened!'); // Use the Error name property to specify the type name myWarning.name = 'CustomWarning'; myWarning.code = 'WARN001'; process.emitWarning(myWarning); // Emits: (node:56338) [WARN001] CustomWarning: Something happened!</code></pre> <p>A <code>TypeError</code> is thrown if <code>warning</code> is anything other than a string or <code>Error</code> object.</p> <p>Note that while process warnings use <code>Error</code> objects, the process warning mechanism is <strong>not</strong> a replacement for normal error handling mechanisms.</p> <p>The following additional handling is implemented if the warning <code>type</code> is <code>'DeprecationWarning'</code>:</p> <ul> <li>If the <code>--throw-deprecation</code> command-line flag is used, the deprecation warning is thrown as an exception rather than being emitted as an event.</li> <li>If the <code>--no-deprecation</code> command-line flag is used, the deprecation warning is suppressed.</li> <li>If the <code>--trace-deprecation</code> command-line flag is used, the deprecation warning is printed to <code>stderr</code> along with the full stack trace.</li> </ul> <h3>Avoiding duplicate warnings<span><a class="mark" href="#process_avoiding_duplicate_warnings" id="process_avoiding_duplicate_warnings">#</a></span></h3> <p>As a best practice, warnings should be emitted only once per process. To do so, it is recommended to place the <code>emitWarning()</code> behind a simple boolean flag as illustrated in the example below:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">function emitMyWarning() { if (!emitMyWarning.warned) { emitMyWarning.warned = true; process.emitWarning('Only warn once!'); } } emitMyWarning(); // Emits: (node: 56339) Warning: Only warn once! emitMyWarning(); // Emits nothing</code></pre> <h2>process.env<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_env" id="process_process_env">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v10.0.0</td> <td><p>Implicit conversion of variable value to string is deprecated.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.27</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.27</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.env</code> property returns an object containing the user environment. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/environ.7.html"><code>environ(7)</code></a>.</p> <p>An example of this object looks like:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ TERM: 'xterm-256color', SHELL: '/usr/local/bin/bash', USER: 'maciej', PATH: '~/.bin/:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin', PWD: '/Users/maciej', EDITOR: 'vim', SHLVL: '1', HOME: '/Users/maciej', LOGNAME: 'maciej', _: '/usr/local/bin/node' }</code></pre> <p>It is possible to modify this object, but such modifications will not be reflected outside the Node.js process. In other words, the following example would not work:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ node -e 'process.env.foo = "bar"' && echo $foo</code></pre> <p>While the following will:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.env.foo = 'bar'; console.log(process.env.foo);</code></pre> <p>Assigning a property on <code>process.env</code> will implicitly convert the value to a string. <strong>This behavior is deprecated.</strong> Future versions of Node.js may throw an error when the value is not a string, number, or boolean.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.env.test = null; console.log(process.env.test); // => 'null' process.env.test = undefined; console.log(process.env.test); // => 'undefined'</code></pre> <p>Use <code>delete</code> to delete a property from <code>process.env</code>.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.env.TEST = 1; delete process.env.TEST; console.log(process.env.TEST); // => undefined</code></pre> <p>On Windows operating systems, environment variables are case-insensitive.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.env.TEST = 1; console.log(process.env.test); // => 1</code></pre> <p><code>process.env</code> is read-only in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.execArgv<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_execargv" id="process_process_execargv">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.7</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string[]></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.execArgv</code> property returns the set of Node.js-specific command-line options passed when the Node.js process was launched. These options do not appear in the array returned by the <a href="#process_process_argv"><code>process.argv</code></a> property, and do not include the Node.js executable, the name of the script, or any options following the script name. These options are useful in order to spawn child processes with the same execution environment as the parent.</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ node --harmony script.js --version</code></pre> <p>Results in <code>process.execArgv</code>:</p> <!-- eslint-disable semi --> <pre><code class="language-js">['--harmony']</code></pre> <p>And <code>process.argv</code>:</p> <!-- eslint-disable semi --> <pre><code class="language-js">['/usr/local/bin/node', 'script.js', '--version']</code></pre> <h2>process.execPath<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_execpath" id="process_process_execpath">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.100</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.execPath</code> property returns the absolute pathname of the executable that started the Node.js process.</p> <!-- eslint-disable semi --> <pre><code class="language-js">'/usr/local/bin/node'</code></pre> <h2>process.exit([code])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_exit_code" id="process_process_exit_code">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.13</span> </div><ul> <li><code>code</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a> The exit code. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>0</code>.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.exit()</code> method instructs Node.js to terminate the process synchronously with an exit status of <code>code</code>. If <code>code</code> is omitted, exit uses either the 'success' code <code>0</code> or the value of <code>process.exitCode</code> if it has been set. Node.js will not terminate until all the <a href="#process_event_exit"><code>'exit'</code></a> event listeners are called.</p> <p>To exit with a 'failure' code:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.exit(1);</code></pre> <p>The shell that executed Node.js should see the exit code as <code>1</code>.</p> <p>Calling <code>process.exit()</code> will force the process to exit as quickly as possible even if there are still asynchronous operations pending that have not yet completed fully, including I/O operations to <code>process.stdout</code> and <code>process.stderr</code>.</p> <p>In most situations, it is not actually necessary to call <code>process.exit()</code> explicitly. The Node.js process will exit on its own <em>if there is no additional work pending</em> in the event loop. The <code>process.exitCode</code> property can be set to tell the process which exit code to use when the process exits gracefully.</p> <p>For instance, the following example illustrates a <em>misuse</em> of the <code>process.exit()</code> method that could lead to data printed to stdout being truncated and lost:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// This is an example of what *not* to do: if (someConditionNotMet()) { printUsageToStdout(); process.exit(1); }</code></pre> <p>The reason this is problematic is because writes to <code>process.stdout</code> in Node.js are sometimes <em>asynchronous</em> and may occur over multiple ticks of the Node.js event loop. Calling <code>process.exit()</code>, however, forces the process to exit <em>before</em> those additional writes to <code>stdout</code> can be performed.</p> <p>Rather than calling <code>process.exit()</code> directly, the code <em>should</em> set the <code>process.exitCode</code> and allow the process to exit naturally by avoiding scheduling any additional work for the event loop:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// How to properly set the exit code while letting // the process exit gracefully. if (someConditionNotMet()) { printUsageToStdout(); process.exitCode = 1; }</code></pre> <p>If it is necessary to terminate the Node.js process due to an error condition, throwing an <em>uncaught</em> error and allowing the process to terminate accordingly is safer than calling <code>process.exit()</code>.</p> <p>In <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads, this function stops the current thread rather than the current process.</p> <h2>process.exitCode<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_exitcode" id="process_process_exitcode">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.11.8</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> <p>A number which will be the process exit code, when the process either exits gracefully, or is exited via <a href="#process_process_exit_code"><code>process.exit()</code></a> without specifying a code.</p> <p>Specifying a code to <a href="#process_process_exit_code"><code>process.exit(code)</code></a> will override any previous setting of <code>process.exitCode</code>.</p> <h2>process.getegid()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_getegid" id="process_process_getegid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v2.0.0</span> </div><p>The <code>process.getegid()</code> method returns the numerical effective group identity of the Node.js process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getegid.2.html"><code>getegid(2)</code></a>.)</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getegid) { console.log(`Current gid: ${process.getegid()}`); }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android).</p> <h2>process.geteuid()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_geteuid" id="process_process_geteuid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v2.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.geteuid()</code> method returns the numerical effective user identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/geteuid.2.html"><code>geteuid(2)</code></a>.)</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.geteuid) { console.log(`Current uid: ${process.geteuid()}`); }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android).</p> <h2>process.getgid()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_getgid" id="process_process_getgid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.31</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.getgid()</code> method returns the numerical group identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getgid.2.html"><code>getgid(2)</code></a>.)</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getgid) { console.log(`Current gid: ${process.getgid()}`); }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android).</p> <h2>process.getgroups()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_getgroups" id="process_process_getgroups">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.4</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer[]></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.getgroups()</code> method returns an array with the supplementary group IDs. POSIX leaves it unspecified if the effective group ID is included but Node.js ensures it always is.</p> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android).</p> <h2>process.getuid()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_getuid" id="process_process_getuid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.28</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.getuid()</code> method returns the numeric user identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getuid.2.html"><code>getuid(2)</code></a>.)</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getuid) { console.log(`Current uid: ${process.getuid()}`); }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android).</p> <h2>process.hasUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_hasuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback" id="process_process_hasuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v9.3.0</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>Indicates whether a callback has been set using <a href="process.html#process_process_setuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback_fn"><code>process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()</code></a>.</p> <h2>process.hrtime([time])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_hrtime_time" id="process_process_hrtime_time">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.7.6</span> </div><ul> <li><code>time</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer[]></a> The result of a previous call to <code>process.hrtime()</code></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer[]></a></li> </ul> <p>This is the legacy version of <a href="#process_process_hrtime_bigint"><code>process.hrtime.bigint()</code></a> before <code>bigint</code> was introduced in JavaScript.</p> <p>The <code>process.hrtime()</code> method returns the current high-resolution real time in a <code>[seconds, nanoseconds]</code> tuple <code>Array</code>, where <code>nanoseconds</code> is the remaining part of the real time that can't be represented in second precision.</p> <p><code>time</code> is an optional parameter that must be the result of a previous <code>process.hrtime()</code> call to diff with the current time. If the parameter passed in is not a tuple <code>Array</code>, a <code>TypeError</code> will be thrown. Passing in a user-defined array instead of the result of a previous call to <code>process.hrtime()</code> will lead to undefined behavior.</p> <p>These times are relative to an arbitrary time in the past, and not related to the time of day and therefore not subject to clock drift. The primary use is for measuring performance between intervals:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const NS_PER_SEC = 1e9; const time = process.hrtime(); // [ 1800216, 25 ] setTimeout(() => { const diff = process.hrtime(time); // [ 1, 552 ] console.log(`Benchmark took ${diff[0] * NS_PER_SEC + diff[1]} nanoseconds`); // benchmark took 1000000552 nanoseconds }, 1000);</code></pre> <h2>process.hrtime.bigint()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_hrtime_bigint" id="process_process_hrtime_bigint">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v10.7.0</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-bigint" class="type"><bigint></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>bigint</code> version of the <a href="#process_process_hrtime_time"><code>process.hrtime()</code></a> method returning the current high-resolution real time in a <code>bigint</code>.</p> <p>Unlike <a href="#process_process_hrtime_time"><code>process.hrtime()</code></a>, it does not support an additional <code>time</code> argument since the difference can just be computed directly by subtraction of the two <code>bigint</code>s.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const start = process.hrtime.bigint(); // 191051479007711n setTimeout(() => { const end = process.hrtime.bigint(); // 191052633396993n console.log(`Benchmark took ${end - start} nanoseconds`); // Benchmark took 1154389282 nanoseconds }, 1000);</code></pre> <h2>process.initgroups(user, extraGroup)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_initgroups_user_extragroup" id="process_process_initgroups_user_extragroup">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.4</span> </div><ul> <li><code>user</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> The user name or numeric identifier.</li> <li><code>extraGroup</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> A group name or numeric identifier.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.initgroups()</code> method reads the <code>/etc/group</code> file and initializes the group access list, using all groups of which the user is a member. This is a privileged operation that requires that the Node.js process either have <code>root</code> access or the <code>CAP_SETGID</code> capability.</p> <p>Note that care must be taken when dropping privileges:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(process.getgroups()); // [ 0 ] process.initgroups('bnoordhuis', 1000); // switch user console.log(process.getgroups()); // [ 27, 30, 46, 1000, 0 ] process.setgid(1000); // drop root gid console.log(process.getgroups()); // [ 27, 30, 46, 1000 ]</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.kill(pid[, signal])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_kill_pid_signal" id="process_process_kill_pid_signal">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.0.6</span> </div><ul> <li><code>pid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> A process ID</li> <li><code>signal</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> The signal to send, either as a string or number. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'SIGTERM'</code>.</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.kill()</code> method sends the <code>signal</code> to the process identified by <code>pid</code>.</p> <p>Signal names are strings such as <code>'SIGINT'</code> or <code>'SIGHUP'</code>. See <a href="#process_signal_events">Signal Events</a> and <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/kill.2.html"><code>kill(2)</code></a> for more information.</p> <p>This method will throw an error if the target <code>pid</code> does not exist. As a special case, a signal of <code>0</code> can be used to test for the existence of a process. Windows platforms will throw an error if the <code>pid</code> is used to kill a process group.</p> <p>Even though the name of this function is <code>process.kill()</code>, it is really just a signal sender, like the <code>kill</code> system call. The signal sent may do something other than kill the target process.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.on('SIGHUP', () => { console.log('Got SIGHUP signal.'); }); setTimeout(() => { console.log('Exiting.'); process.exit(0); }, 100); process.kill(process.pid, 'SIGHUP');</code></pre> <p>When <code>SIGUSR1</code> is received by a Node.js process, Node.js will start the debugger. See <a href="#process_signal_events">Signal Events</a>.</p> <h2>process.mainModule<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_mainmodule" id="process_process_mainmodule">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.17</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.mainModule</code> property provides an alternative way of retrieving <a href="modules.html#modules_accessing_the_main_module"><code>require.main</code></a>. The difference is that if the main module changes at runtime, <a href="modules.html#modules_accessing_the_main_module"><code>require.main</code></a> may still refer to the original main module in modules that were required before the change occurred. Generally, it's safe to assume that the two refer to the same module.</p> <p>As with <a href="modules.html#modules_accessing_the_main_module"><code>require.main</code></a>, <code>process.mainModule</code> will be <code>undefined</code> if there is no entry script.</p> <h2>process.memoryUsage()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_memoryusage" id="process_process_memoryusage">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v7.2.0</td> <td><p>Added <code>external</code> to the returned object.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.16</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.16</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a><ul> <li><code>rss</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> <li><code>heapTotal</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> <li><code>heapUsed</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> <li><code>external</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.memoryUsage()</code> method returns an object describing the memory usage of the Node.js process measured in bytes.</p> <p>For example, the code:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(process.memoryUsage());</code></pre> <p>Will generate:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ rss: 4935680, heapTotal: 1826816, heapUsed: 650472, external: 49879 }</code></pre> <p><code>heapTotal</code> and <code>heapUsed</code> refer to V8's memory usage. <code>external</code> refers to the memory usage of C++ objects bound to JavaScript objects managed by V8. <code>rss</code>, Resident Set Size, is the amount of space occupied in the main memory device (that is a subset of the total allocated memory) for the process, which includes the <em>heap</em>, <em>code segment</em> and <em>stack</em>.</p> <p>The <em>heap</em> is where objects, strings, and closures are stored. Variables are stored in the <em>stack</em> and the actual JavaScript code resides in the <em>code segment</em>.</p> <p>When using <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads, <code>rss</code> will be a value that is valid for the entire process, while the other fields will only refer to the current thread.</p> <h2>process.nextTick(callback[, ...args])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_nexttick_callback_args" id="process_process_nexttick_callback_args">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v1.8.1</td> <td><p>Additional arguments after <code>callback</code> are now supported.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.26</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.26</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a></li> <li><code>...args</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Data_types" class="type"><any></a> Additional arguments to pass when invoking the <code>callback</code></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.nextTick()</code> method adds the <code>callback</code> to the "next tick queue". Once the current turn of the event loop turn runs to completion, all callbacks currently in the next tick queue will be called.</p> <p>This is <em>not</em> a simple alias to <a href="timers.html#timers_settimeout_callback_delay_args"><code>setTimeout(fn, 0)</code></a>. It is much more efficient. It runs before any additional I/O events (including timers) fire in subsequent ticks of the event loop.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log('start'); process.nextTick(() => { console.log('nextTick callback'); }); console.log('scheduled'); // Output: // start // scheduled // nextTick callback</code></pre> <p>This is important when developing APIs in order to give users the opportunity to assign event handlers <em>after</em> an object has been constructed but before any I/O has occurred:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">function MyThing(options) { this.setupOptions(options); process.nextTick(() => { this.startDoingStuff(); }); } const thing = new MyThing(); thing.getReadyForStuff(); // thing.startDoingStuff() gets called now, not before.</code></pre> <p>It is very important for APIs to be either 100% synchronous or 100% asynchronous. Consider this example:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">// WARNING! DO NOT USE! BAD UNSAFE HAZARD! function maybeSync(arg, cb) { if (arg) { cb(); return; } fs.stat('file', cb); }</code></pre> <p>This API is hazardous because in the following case:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const maybeTrue = Math.random() > 0.5; maybeSync(maybeTrue, () => { foo(); }); bar();</code></pre> <p>It is not clear whether <code>foo()</code> or <code>bar()</code> will be called first.</p> <p>The following approach is much better:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">function definitelyAsync(arg, cb) { if (arg) { process.nextTick(cb); return; } fs.stat('file', cb); }</code></pre> <p>The next tick queue is completely drained on each pass of the event loop <strong>before</strong> additional I/O is processed. As a result, recursively setting <code>nextTick()</code> callbacks will block any I/O from happening, just like a <code>while(true);</code> loop.</p> <h2>process.noDeprecation<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_nodeprecation" id="process_process_nodeprecation">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.8.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.noDeprecation</code> property indicates whether the <code>--no-deprecation</code> flag is set on the current Node.js process. See the documentation for the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code> event</a> and the <a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor"><code>emitWarning()</code> method</a> for more information about this flag's behavior.</p> <h2>process.pid<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_pid" id="process_process_pid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.15</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.pid</code> property returns the PID of the process.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`This process is pid ${process.pid}`);</code></pre> <h2>process.platform<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_platform" id="process_process_platform">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.16</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.platform</code> property returns a string identifying the operating system platform on which the Node.js process is running.</p> <p>Currently possible values are:</p> <ul> <li><code>'aix'</code></li> <li><code>'darwin'</code></li> <li><code>'freebsd'</code></li> <li><code>'linux'</code></li> <li><code>'openbsd'</code></li> <li><code>'sunos'</code></li> <li><code>'win32'</code></li> </ul> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`This platform is ${process.platform}`);</code></pre> <p>The value <code>'android'</code> may also be returned if the Node.js is built on the Android operating system. However, Android support in Node.js <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/BUILDING.md#androidandroid-based-devices-eg-firefox-os">is experimental</a>.</p> <h2>process.ppid<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_ppid" id="process_process_ppid">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v9.2.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.ppid</code> property returns the PID of the current parent process.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`The parent process is pid ${process.ppid}`);</code></pre> <h2>process.release<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_release" id="process_process_release">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v4.2.0</td> <td><p>The <code>lts</code> property is now supported.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v3.0.0</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v3.0.0</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.release</code> property returns an <code>Object</code> containing metadata related to the current release, including URLs for the source tarball and headers-only tarball.</p> <p><code>process.release</code> contains the following properties:</p> <ul> <li><code>name</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> A value that will always be <code>'node'</code> for Node.js. For legacy io.js releases, this will be <code>'io.js'</code>.</li> <li><code>sourceUrl</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> an absolute URL pointing to a <em><code>.tar.gz</code></em> file containing the source code of the current release.</li> <li><code>headersUrl</code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> an absolute URL pointing to a <em><code>.tar.gz</code></em> file containing only the source header files for the current release. This file is significantly smaller than the full source file and can be used for compiling Node.js native add-ons.</li> <li><code>libUrl</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> an absolute URL pointing to a <em><code>node.lib</code></em> file matching the architecture and version of the current release. This file is used for compiling Node.js native add-ons. <em>This property is only present on Windows builds of Node.js and will be missing on all other platforms.</em></li> <li><code>lts</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> a string label identifying the <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/Release">LTS</a> label for this release. This property only exists for LTS releases and is <code>undefined</code> for all other release types, including <em>Current</em> releases. Currently the valid values are:<ul> <li><code>'Argon'</code> for the 4.x LTS line beginning with 4.2.0.</li> <li><code>'Boron'</code> for the 6.x LTS line beginning with 6.9.0.</li> <li><code>'Carbon'</code> for the 8.x LTS line beginning with 8.9.1.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ name: 'node', lts: 'Argon', sourceUrl: 'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v4.4.5/node-v4.4.5.tar.gz', headersUrl: 'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v4.4.5/node-v4.4.5-headers.tar.gz', libUrl: 'https://nodejs.org/download/release/v4.4.5/win-x64/node.lib' }</code></pre> <p>In custom builds from non-release versions of the source tree, only the <code>name</code> property may be present. The additional properties should not be relied upon to exist.</p> <h2>process.send(message[, sendHandle[, options]][, callback])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback" id="process_process_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.5.9</span> </div><ul> <li><code>message</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> <li><code>sendHandle</code> <a href="net.html#net_class_net_server" class="type"><net.Server></a> | <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket" class="type"><net.Socket></a></li> <li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> <li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a></li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>If Node.js is spawned with an IPC channel, the <code>process.send()</code> method can be used to send messages to the parent process. Messages will be received as a <a href="child_process.html#child_process_event_message"><code>'message'</code></a> event on the parent's <a href="child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess"><code>ChildProcess</code></a> object.</p> <p>If Node.js was not spawned with an IPC channel, <code>process.send()</code> will be <code>undefined</code>.</p> <p>The message goes through serialization and parsing. The resulting message might not be the same as what is originally sent.</p> <h2>process.setegid(id)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_setegid_id" id="process_process_setegid_id">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v2.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> A group name or ID</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.setegid()</code> method sets the effective group identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setegid.2.html"><code>setegid(2)</code></a>.) The <code>id</code> can be passed as either a numeric ID or a group name string. If a group name is specified, this method blocks while resolving the associated a numeric ID.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getegid && process.setegid) { console.log(`Current gid: ${process.getegid()}`); try { process.setegid(501); console.log(`New gid: ${process.getegid()}`); } catch (err) { console.log(`Failed to set gid: ${err}`); } }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.seteuid(id)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_seteuid_id" id="process_process_seteuid_id">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v2.0.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> A user name or ID</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.seteuid()</code> method sets the effective user identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/seteuid.2.html"><code>seteuid(2)</code></a>.) The <code>id</code> can be passed as either a numeric ID or a username string. If a username is specified, the method blocks while resolving the associated numeric ID.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.geteuid && process.seteuid) { console.log(`Current uid: ${process.geteuid()}`); try { process.seteuid(501); console.log(`New uid: ${process.geteuid()}`); } catch (err) { console.log(`Failed to set uid: ${err}`); } }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.setgid(id)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_setgid_id" id="process_process_setgid_id">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.31</span> </div><ul> <li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a> The group name or ID</li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.setgid()</code> method sets the group identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setgid.2.html"><code>setgid(2)</code></a>.) The <code>id</code> can be passed as either a numeric ID or a group name string. If a group name is specified, this method blocks while resolving the associated numeric ID.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getgid && process.setgid) { console.log(`Current gid: ${process.getgid()}`); try { process.setgid(501); console.log(`New gid: ${process.getgid()}`); } catch (err) { console.log(`Failed to set gid: ${err}`); } }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.setgroups(groups)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_setgroups_groups" id="process_process_setgroups_groups">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.4</span> </div><ul> <li><code>groups</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer[]></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.setgroups()</code> method sets the supplementary group IDs for the Node.js process. This is a privileged operation that requires the Node.js process to have <code>root</code> or the <code>CAP_SETGID</code> capability.</p> <p>The <code>groups</code> array can contain numeric group IDs, group names or both.</p> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.setuid(id)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_setuid_id" id="process_process_setuid_id">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.28</span> </div><ul> <li><code>id</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><integer></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.setuid(id)</code> method sets the user identity of the process. (See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html"><code>setuid(2)</code></a>.) The <code>id</code> can be passed as either a numeric ID or a username string. If a username is specified, the method blocks while resolving the associated numeric ID.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">if (process.getuid && process.setuid) { console.log(`Current uid: ${process.getuid()}`); try { process.setuid(501); console.log(`New uid: ${process.getuid()}`); } catch (err) { console.log(`Failed to set uid: ${err}`); } }</code></pre> <p>This function is only available on POSIX platforms (i.e. not Windows or Android). This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(fn)<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_setuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback_fn" id="process_process_setuncaughtexceptioncapturecallback_fn">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v9.3.0</span> </div><ul> <li><code>fn</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type"><Function></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type"><null></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()</code> function sets a function that will be invoked when an uncaught exception occurs, which will receive the exception value itself as its first argument.</p> <p>If such a function is set, the <a href="#process_event_uncaughtexception"><code>'uncaughtException'</code></a> event will not be emitted. If <code>--abort-on-uncaught-exception</code> was passed from the command line or set through <a href="v8.html#v8_v8_setflagsfromstring_flags"><code>v8.setFlagsFromString()</code></a>, the process will not abort.</p> <p>To unset the capture function, <code>process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback(null)</code> may be used. Calling this method with a non-<code>null</code> argument while another capture function is set will throw an error.</p> <p>Using this function is mutually exclusive with using the deprecated <a href="domain.html"><code>domain</code></a> built-in module.</p> <h2>process.stderr<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_stderr" id="process_process_stderr">#</a></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="stream.html#stream_stream" class="type"><Stream></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.stderr</code> property returns a stream connected to <code>stderr</code> (fd <code>2</code>). It is a <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a> (which is a <a href="stream.html#stream_duplex_and_transform_streams">Duplex</a> stream) unless fd <code>2</code> refers to a file, in which case it is a <a href="stream.html#stream_writable_streams">Writable</a> stream.</p> <p><code>process.stderr</code> differs from other Node.js streams in important ways. See <a href="process.html#process_a_note_on_process_i_o">note on process I/O</a> for more information.</p> <h2>process.stdin<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_stdin" id="process_process_stdin">#</a></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="stream.html#stream_stream" class="type"><Stream></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.stdin</code> property returns a stream connected to <code>stdin</code> (fd <code>0</code>). It is a <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a> (which is a <a href="stream.html#stream_duplex_and_transform_streams">Duplex</a> stream) unless fd <code>0</code> refers to a file, in which case it is a <a href="stream.html#stream_readable_streams">Readable</a> stream.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.stdin.setEncoding('utf8'); process.stdin.on('readable', () => { let chunk; // Use a loop to make sure we read all available data. while ((chunk = process.stdin.read()) !== null) { process.stdout.write(`data: ${chunk}`); } }); process.stdin.on('end', () => { process.stdout.write('end'); });</code></pre> <p>As a <a href="stream.html#stream_duplex_and_transform_streams">Duplex</a> stream, <code>process.stdin</code> can also be used in "old" mode that is compatible with scripts written for Node.js prior to v0.10. For more information see <a href="stream.html#stream_compatibility_with_older_node_js_versions">Stream compatibility</a>.</p> <p>In "old" streams mode the <code>stdin</code> stream is paused by default, so one must call <code>process.stdin.resume()</code> to read from it. Note also that calling <code>process.stdin.resume()</code> itself would switch stream to "old" mode.</p> <h2>process.stdout<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_stdout" id="process_process_stdout">#</a></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="stream.html#stream_stream" class="type"><Stream></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.stdout</code> property returns a stream connected to <code>stdout</code> (fd <code>1</code>). It is a <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a> (which is a <a href="stream.html#stream_duplex_and_transform_streams">Duplex</a> stream) unless fd <code>1</code> refers to a file, in which case it is a <a href="stream.html#stream_writable_streams">Writable</a> stream.</p> <p>For example, to copy <code>process.stdin</code> to <code>process.stdout</code>:</p> <pre><code class="language-js">process.stdin.pipe(process.stdout);</code></pre> <p><code>process.stdout</code> differs from other Node.js streams in important ways. See <a href="process.html#process_a_note_on_process_i_o">note on process I/O</a> for more information.</p> <h3>A note on process I/O<span><a class="mark" href="#process_a_note_on_process_i_o" id="process_a_note_on_process_i_o">#</a></span></h3> <p><code>process.stdout</code> and <code>process.stderr</code> differ from other Node.js streams in important ways:</p> <ol> <li>They are used internally by <a href="console.html#console_console_log_data_args"><code>console.log()</code></a> and <a href="console.html#console_console_error_data_args"><code>console.error()</code></a>, respectively.</li> <li>Writes may be synchronous depending on what the stream is connected to and whether the system is Windows or POSIX:<ul> <li>Files: <em>synchronous</em> on Windows and POSIX</li> <li>TTYs (Terminals): <em>asynchronous</em> on Windows, <em>synchronous</em> on POSIX</li> <li>Pipes (and sockets): <em>synchronous</em> on Windows, <em>asynchronous</em> on POSIX</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p>These behaviors are partly for historical reasons, as changing them would create backwards incompatibility, but they are also expected by some users.</p> <p>Synchronous writes avoid problems such as output written with <code>console.log()</code> or <code>console.error()</code> being unexpectedly interleaved, or not written at all if <code>process.exit()</code> is called before an asynchronous write completes. See <a href="#process_process_exit_code"><code>process.exit()</code></a> for more information.</p> <p><strong><em>Warning</em></strong>: Synchronous writes block the event loop until the write has completed. This can be near instantaneous in the case of output to a file, but under high system load, pipes that are not being read at the receiving end, or with slow terminals or file systems, its possible for the event loop to be blocked often enough and long enough to have severe negative performance impacts. This may not be a problem when writing to an interactive terminal session, but consider this particularly careful when doing production logging to the process output streams.</p> <p>To check if a stream is connected to a <a href="tty.html#tty_tty">TTY</a> context, check the <code>isTTY</code> property.</p> <p>For instance:</p> <pre><code class="language-console">$ node -p "Boolean(process.stdin.isTTY)" true $ echo "foo" | node -p "Boolean(process.stdin.isTTY)" false $ node -p "Boolean(process.stdout.isTTY)" true $ node -p "Boolean(process.stdout.isTTY)" | cat false</code></pre> <p>See the <a href="tty.html#tty_tty">TTY</a> documentation for more information.</p> <h2>process.throwDeprecation<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_throwdeprecation" id="process_process_throwdeprecation">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.12</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.throwDeprecation</code> property indicates whether the <code>--throw-deprecation</code> flag is set on the current Node.js process. See the documentation for the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code> event</a> and the <a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor"><code>emitWarning()</code> method</a> for more information about this flag's behavior.</p> <h2>process.title<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_title" id="process_process_title">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.104</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.title</code> property returns the current process title (i.e. returns the current value of <code>ps</code>). Assigning a new value to <code>process.title</code> modifies the current value of <code>ps</code>.</p> <p>When a new value is assigned, different platforms will impose different maximum length restrictions on the title. Usually such restrictions are quite limited. For instance, on Linux and macOS, <code>process.title</code> is limited to the size of the binary name plus the length of the command line arguments because setting the <code>process.title</code> overwrites the <code>argv</code> memory of the process. Node.js v0.8 allowed for longer process title strings by also overwriting the <code>environ</code> memory but that was potentially insecure and confusing in some (rather obscure) cases.</p> <h2>process.traceDeprecation<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_tracedeprecation" id="process_process_tracedeprecation">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.8.0</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type"><boolean></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.traceDeprecation</code> property indicates whether the <code>--trace-deprecation</code> flag is set on the current Node.js process. See the documentation for the <a href="#process_event_warning"><code>'warning'</code> event</a> and the <a href="#process_process_emitwarning_warning_type_code_ctor"><code>emitWarning()</code> method</a> for more information about this flag's behavior.</p> <h2>process.umask([mask])<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_umask_mask" id="process_process_umask_mask">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.19</span> </div><ul> <li><code>mask</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.umask()</code> method sets or returns the Node.js process's file mode creation mask. Child processes inherit the mask from the parent process. Invoked without an argument, the current mask is returned, otherwise the umask is set to the argument value and the previous mask is returned.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">const newmask = 0o022; const oldmask = process.umask(newmask); console.log( `Changed umask from ${oldmask.toString(8)} to ${newmask.toString(8)}` );</code></pre> <p>This feature is not available in <a href="worker_threads.html#worker_threads_class_worker"><code>Worker</code></a> threads.</p> <h2>process.uptime()<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_uptime" id="process_process_uptime">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.5.0</span> </div><ul> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type"><number></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.uptime()</code> method returns the number of seconds the current Node.js process has been running.</p> <p>The return value includes fractions of a second. Use <code>Math.floor()</code> to get whole seconds.</p> <h2>process.version<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_version" id="process_process_version">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.3</span> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.version</code> property returns the Node.js version string.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(`Version: ${process.version}`);</code></pre> <h2>process.versions<span><a class="mark" href="#process_process_versions" id="process_process_versions">#</a></span></h2> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v9.0.0</td> <td><p>The <code>v8</code> property now includes a Node.js specific suffix.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v4.2.0</td> <td><p>The <code>icu</code> property is now supported.</p> </td></tr> <tr><td>v0.2.0</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.2.0</span></p> </td></tr> </table> </details> </div><ul> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type"><Object></a></li> </ul> <p>The <code>process.versions</code> property returns an object listing the version strings of Node.js and its dependencies. <code>process.versions.modules</code> indicates the current ABI version, which is increased whenever a C++ API changes. Node.js will refuse to load modules that were compiled against a different module ABI version.</p> <pre><code class="language-js">console.log(process.versions);</code></pre> <p>Will generate an object similar to:</p> <!-- eslint-skip --> <pre><code class="language-js">{ http_parser: '2.7.0', node: '8.9.0', v8: '6.3.292.48-node.6', uv: '1.18.0', zlib: '1.2.11', ares: '1.13.0', modules: '60', nghttp2: '1.29.0', napi: '2', openssl: '1.0.2n', icu: '60.1', unicode: '10.0', cldr: '32.0', tz: '2016b' }</code></pre> <h2>Exit Codes<span><a class="mark" href="#process_exit_codes" id="process_exit_codes">#</a></span></h2> <p>Node.js will normally exit with a <code>0</code> status code when no more async operations are pending. The following status codes are used in other cases:</p> <ul> <li><code>1</code> <strong>Uncaught Fatal Exception</strong> - There was an uncaught exception, and it was not handled by a domain or an <a href="#process_event_uncaughtexception"><code>'uncaughtException'</code></a> event handler.</li> <li><code>2</code> - Unused (reserved by Bash for builtin misuse)</li> <li><code>3</code> <strong>Internal JavaScript Parse Error</strong> - The JavaScript source code internal in Node.js's bootstrapping process caused a parse error. This is extremely rare, and generally can only happen during development of Node.js itself.</li> <li><code>4</code> <strong>Internal JavaScript Evaluation Failure</strong> - The JavaScript source code internal in Node.js's bootstrapping process failed to return a function value when evaluated. This is extremely rare, and generally can only happen during development of Node.js itself.</li> <li><code>5</code> <strong>Fatal Error</strong> - There was a fatal unrecoverable error in V8. Typically a message will be printed to stderr with the prefix <code>FATAL ERROR</code>.</li> <li><code>6</code> <strong>Non-function Internal Exception Handler</strong> - There was an uncaught exception, but the internal fatal exception handler function was somehow set to a non-function, and could not be called.</li> <li><code>7</code> <strong>Internal Exception Handler Run-Time Failure</strong> - There was an uncaught exception, and the internal fatal exception handler function itself threw an error while attempting to handle it. This can happen, for example, if an <a href="#process_event_uncaughtexception"><code>'uncaughtException'</code></a> or <code>domain.on('error')</code> handler throws an error.</li> <li><code>8</code> - Unused. In previous versions of Node.js, exit code 8 sometimes indicated an uncaught exception.</li> <li><code>9</code> - <strong>Invalid Argument</strong> - Either an unknown option was specified, or an option requiring a value was provided without a value.</li> <li><code>10</code> <strong>Internal JavaScript Run-Time Failure</strong> - The JavaScript source code internal in Node.js's bootstrapping process threw an error when the bootstrapping function was called. This is extremely rare, and generally can only happen during development of Node.js itself.</li> <li><code>12</code> <strong>Invalid Debug Argument</strong> - The <code>--inspect</code> and/or <code>--inspect-brk</code> options were set, but the port number chosen was invalid or unavailable.</li> <li><code>>128</code> <strong>Signal Exits</strong> - If Node.js receives a fatal signal such as <code>SIGKILL</code> or <code>SIGHUP</code>, then its exit code will be <code>128</code> plus the value of the signal code. This is a standard POSIX practice, since exit codes are defined to be 7-bit integers, and signal exits set the high-order bit, and then contain the value of the signal code. For example, signal <code>SIGABRT</code> has value <code>6</code>, so the expected exit code will be <code>128</code> + <code>6</code>, or <code>134</code>.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <script src="assets/sh_main.js"></script> <script src="assets/sh_javascript.min.js"></script> <script>highlight(undefined, undefined, 'pre');</script> </body> </html>
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